The sovereigns of the 19th century put their stamp on the military and society. The King-Grand Duke Willem I of Nassau ruled Luxembourg in personal union. The outbreak of the Belgian Revolution in 1830 marked the end of his reign. His son Willem II, the hero of Waterloo, organised the Luxembourg federal contingent. In the spring after the revolution of 1848, he succumbs to a serious illness. His son Willem III took over the sceptre for four decades and manoeuvred the Grand Duchy through the Luxembourg crisis of 1867 to neutrality. When he died in 1890 without a male descendant, Adolph of Nassau-Weilburg not only provided the military with a new commander-in-chief, but also gave the country a new dynasty.
In German, free.